@article{Sharma_Rana_2018, title={Effects of ketamine and ketamine with midazolam on emergence agitation in children following sevoflurane anesthesia}, volume={4}, url={http://www.jsan.org.np/jsan/index.php/jsan/article/view/198}, abstractNote={<p>Background: <br>Emergence agitation is a distressful phenomenon<br>associated with inhalational agents such as <br>Sevoflurane in short surgical procedures. Various <br>drugs have been used in the past but some come at<br>the cost of increased complications. We aim to study<br>the effects of ketamine alone and ketamine with<br>midazolam on emergence agitation and their effects<br>on recovery and discharge times.</p> <p>Methods: <br>We conducted a prospective randomized controlled<br> trial among 94 patients aged two to ten years <br>presenting for ophthalmic surgeries in which 45 <br>patients were allocated to each group: group K <br>(Ketamine) and group KM (Ketamine with <br>Midazolam). Group K received Ketamine 0.3 mg/kg<br>IV and Group KM received Ketamine 0.3 mg/kg IV<br>and Midazolam 0.03 mg/kg IV. Intraoperatively heart<br>rate and post-operatively emergence agitation,<br> recovery times, discharge times were studied.</p> <p>Results: <br>Demographic variables were comparable between<br>the two groups. Median Pediatric Anesthesia<br> Emergence Delirium score of 6 with IQR (4-6)<br>in group K was comparable to the median score of 5<br>with IQR (4-6) in group KM. The mean recovery time <br>of 22±4.82 min in group K was significantly lower<br>compared to the mean time of 25.75±3.32 min in<br> group KM. Mean time to discharge of 67±11 min <br>from the hospital in group K was significantly shorter <br>compared to that in group KM (108±18 mins).</p> <p>Conclusion: <br>We concluded from our study that ketamine alone is <br>as effective as ketamine with midazolam in reducing <br>the emergence agitation following Sevoflurane<br> anesthesia for ophthalmic surgery.</p>}, number={2}, journal={Journal of Society of Anesthesiologists of Nepal}, author={Sharma, Achyut and Rana, Resham Bahadur}, year={2018}, month={Aug.}, pages={57-65} }